Generation No. 1

 

1.  RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY (abt 950- abt 1010)

       

Children of RICHARDI, DUKE OF NORMANDY are:

2.                i.    ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, b. Falaise (at 980), France; d. 1035.

3.               ii.    EMMA OF NORMANDY.(mother of several kings)

                 iii.    RICHARD II.

 

 

Generation No. 2

 

2.  ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY (RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born in Falaise, France, and died 1035.  He married HERLEVA ARLETTE FALASIA, daughter of FULBERT. 

       

Child of ROBERT and HERLEVA FALASIA is:

4.                i.    WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, b. 1027; d. September 09, 1087, Convent of St. Gervais, Rouen, France.

 

 

Generation No. 3

 

4.  WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR (ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born 1027, and died September 09, 1087 in Convent of St. Gervais, Rouen, France.  He married MATHILDA OF FLANDERS. 

 

Notes for WILLIAMI, THE CONQUEROR:

William I, the Conqueror (1066-1087 AD)

AKA: William of Normandy

AKA: Duke of Normandy

AKA: William the Bastard

 

Was the illegitimate son of Robert the Magnificant, Duke of Normandy and a tanner's daugher.

 

Born: 1027

 

Died: September 9, 1087

 

Parents: Robert I, Duke of Normandy and Herleva of Falasia

 

Significant Siblings: none

 

Spouse: Mathilda (daughter of Count Baldwin of Flanders)

 

Significant Offspring: Robert, William Rufus, Henry, and Adela

 

Contemporaries: Edward the Confessor (King of England, 1047-1066); Harold Godwinson (King of England, 1066); Henry I (King of France, 1031-1060); Philip I (King of France, 1060-1108); Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085); Lanfranc (Archbishop of Canterbury)

 

William, the illegitimate son of the Duke of Normandy, spent his first six years with his mother in Falaise and received the duchy of Normandy upon his father's death in 1035. A council consisting of noblemen and William's appointed guardians ruled Normandy but ducal authority waned under the Normans' violent nature and the province was wracked with assassination and revolt for twelve years. In 1047, William reasserted himself in the eastern Norman regions and, with the aid of France's King Henry I, crushed the rebelling barons. He spent the next several years consolidating his strength on the continent through marriage, diplomacy, war and savage intimidation. By 1066, Normandy was in a position of virtual independence from William's feudal lord, Henry I of France and the disputed succession in England offered William an opportunity for invasion.

 

Edward the Confessor attempted to gain Norman support while fighting with his father-in-law, Earl Godwin, by purportedly promising the throne to William in 1051. (This was either a false claim by William or a hollow promise from Edward; at that time, the kingship was not necessarily hereditary but was appointed by the witan, a council of clergy and barons.) Before his death in 1066, however, Edward reconciled with Godwin, and the witan agreed to Godwin's son, Harold, as heir to the crown - after the recent Danish kings, the members of the council were anxious to keep the monarchy in Anglo-Saxon hands. William was enraged and immediately prepared to invade, insisting that Harold had sworn allegiance to him in 1064. Prepared for battle in August 1066, ill winds throughout August and most of September prohibited him crossing the English Channel. This turned out to be advantageous for William, however, as Harold Godwinson awaited William's pending arrival on England's south shores, Harold Hardrada, the King of Norway, invaded England from the north. Harold Godwinson's forces marched north to defeat the Norse at Stamford Bridge on September 25, 1066. Two days after the battle, William landed unopposed at Pevensey and spent the next two weeks pillaging the area and strengthening his position on the beachhead. The victorious Harold, in an attempt to solidify his kingship, took the fight south to William and the Normans on October 14, 1066 at Hastings. After hours of holding firm against the Normans, the tired English forces finally succumbed to the onslaught. Harold and his brothers died fighting in the Hastings battle, removing any further organized Anglo-Saxon resistance to the Normans. The earls and bishops of the witan hesitated in supporting William, but soon submitted and crowned him William I on Christmas Day 1066. The kingdom was immediately besieged by minor uprisings, each one individually and ruthlessly crushed by the Normans, until the whole of England was conquered and united in 1072. William punished rebels by confiscating their lands and allocating them to the Normans. Uprisings in the northern counties near York were quelled by an artificial famine brought about by Norman destruction of food caches and farming implements.

 

The arrival and conquest of William and the Normans radically altered the course of English history. Rather than attempt a wholesale replacement of Anglo-Saxon law, William fused continental practices with native custom. By disenfranchising Anglo-Saxon landowners, he instituted a brand of feudalism in England that strengthened the monarchy. Villages and manors were given a large degree of autonomy in local affairs in return for military service and monetary payments. The Anglo-Saxon office of sheriff was greatly enhanced: sheriffs arbitrated legal cases in the shire courts on behalf of the king, extracted tax payments and were generally responsible for keeping the peace. "The Domesday Book" was commissioned in 1085 as a survey of land ownership to assess property and establish a tax base. Within the regions covered by the Domesday survey, the dominance of the Norman king and his nobility are revealed: only two Anglo-Saxon barons that held lands before 1066 retained those lands twenty years later. All landowners were summoned to pay homage to William in 1086. William imported an Italian, Lanfranc, to take the position of Archbishop of Canterbury; Lanfranc reorganized the English Church, establishing separate Church courts to deal with infractions of Canon law. Although he began the invasion with papal support, William refused to let the church dictate policy within English and Norman borders.

 

He died as he had lived: an inveterate warrior. He died September 9, 1087 from complications of a wound he received in a siege on the town of Mantes.

 

"The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" gave a favorable review of William's twenty-one year reign, but added, "His anxiety for money is the only thing on which he can deservedly be blamed; . . .he would say and do some things and indeed almost anything . . .where the hope of money allured him." He was certainly cruel by modern standards, and exacted a high toll from his subjects, but he laid the foundation for the economic and political success of England.

       

Children of WILLIAM and MATHILDA FLANDERS are:

5.                i.    HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, b. 1068; d. December 01, 1135.

(Note there were other children who were King as well including William Rufus AKA William II and Robert)

 

Generation No. 4

 

5.  King HENRY I  of BEAUCLERC (WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born 1068, and died December 01, 1135.  He married EADGYTH November 11, 1100, daughter of MALCOLMIII, KING OF SCOTLAND. 

 

Notes for HENRY I BEAUCLERC:

Henry I, Beauclerc

(1100-1135 AD)

 

Born: 1068

 

Died: 1135

 

Parents: William the Conqueror and Mathilda of Flanders

 

Significant Siblings: Robert, William Rufus

 

Spouse: (1st) Eadgyth, daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland; (2nd) Adelaide of Louvain

 

Significant Offspring: William, Matilda, Robert de Mellent (Earl of Gloucester), Sibylla

 

Contemporaries: Louis VI ("Louis the Fat", King of France, 1108-1137), Roger of Salisbury, Anselm (Archbishop of Canterbury), Pope Pascal II

 

Henry I, the most resilient of the Norman kings (his reign lasted thirty-five years), was nicknamed "Beauclerc" (fine scholar) for his above average education. During his reign, the differences between English and Norman society began to slowly evaporate. Reforms in the royal treasury system became the foundation upon which later kings built. The stability Henry afforded the throne was offset by problems in succession: his only surviving son, William, was lost in the wreck of the White Ship in November 1120.

 

The first years of Henry's reign were concerned with subduing Normandy. William the Conqueror divided his kingdoms between Henry's older brothers, leaving England to William Rufus and Normandy to Robert. Henry inherited no land but received £5000 in silver. He played each brother off of the other during their quarrels; both distrusted Henry and subsequently signed a mutual accession treaty barring Henry from the crown. Henry's hope arose when Robert departed for the Holy Land on the First Crusade; should William die, Henry was the obvious heir. Henry was in the woods hunting on the morning of August 2, 1100 when William Rufus was killed by an arrow. His quick movement in securing the crown on August 5 led many to believe he was responsible for his brother's death. In his coronation charter, Henry denounced William's oppressive policies and promising good government in an effort to appease his barons. Robert returned to Normandy a few weeks later but escaped final defeat until the Battle of Tinchebrai in 1106; Robert was captured and lived the remaining twenty-eight years of his life as Henry's prisoner.

 

Henry was drawn into controversy with a rapidly expanding Church. Lay investiture, the king's selling of clergy appointments, was heavily opposed by Gregorian reformers in the Church but was a cornerstone of Norman government. Henry recalled Anselm of Bec to the archbishopric of Canterbury to gain baronial support, but the stubborn Anselm refused to do homage to Henry for his lands. The situation remained unresolved until Pope Paschal II threatened Henry with excommunication in 1105. He reached a compromise with the papacy: Henry rescinded the king's divine authority in conferring sacred offices but appointees continued to do homage for their fiefs. In practice, it changed little - the king maintained the deciding voice in appointing ecclesiastical offices - but it a marked a point where kingship became purely secular and subservient in the eyes of the Church.

 

By 1106, both the quarrels with the church and the conquest of Normandy were settled and Henry concentrated on expanding royal power. He mixed generosity with violence in motivating allegiance to the crown and appointing loyal and gifted men to administrative positions. By raising men out of obscurity for such appointments, Henry began to rely less on landed barons as ministers and created a loyal bureaucracy. He was deeply involved in continental affairs and therefore spent almost half of his time in Normandy, prompting him to create the position of justiciar - the most trusted of all the king's officials, the justiciar literally ruled in the king's stead. Roger of Salisbury, the first justiciar, was instrumental in organizing an efficient department for collection of royal revenues, the Exchequer. The Exchequer held sessions twice a year for sheriffs and other revenue-collecting officials; these officials appeared before the justiciar, the chancellor, and several clerks and rendered an account of their finances. The Exchequer was an ingenious device for balancing amounts owed versus amounts paid. Henry gained notoriety for sending out court officials to judge local financial disputes (weakening the feudal courts controlled by local lords) and curb errant sheriffs (weakening the power bestowed upon the sheriffs by his father).

 

The final years of his reign were consumed in war with France and difficulties ensuring the succession. The French King Louis VI began consolidating his kingdom and attacked Normandy unsuccessfully on three separate occasions. The succession became a concern upon the death of his son William in 1120: Henry's marriage to Adelaide was fruitless, leaving his daughter Matilda as the only surviving legitimate heir. She was recalled to Henry's court in 1125 after the death of her husband, Emperor Henry V of Germany. Henry forced his barons to swear an oath of allegiance to Matilda in 1127 after he arranged her marriage to the sixteen-year-old Geoffrey of Anjou to cement an Angevin alliance on the continent. The marriage, unpopular with the Norman barons, produced a male heir in 1133, which prompted yet another reluctant oath of loyalty from the aggravated barons. In the summer of 1135, Geoffrey demanded custody of certain key Norman castles as a show of good will from Henry; Henry refused and the pair entered into war. Henry's life ended in this sorry state of affairs - war with his son-in-law and rebellion on the horizon - in December 1135.

 

Notes for EADGYTH:

Edith (Eadgyth), daughter of King Malcolm III of Scotland, by whom he had up to four children before her death in 1118. When she married Henry, Edith changed her name to Matilda at Henry's request for political reasons. On January 29, 1121, he married Adeliza, daughter of the Count of Louvain, but there were no children from this marriage.

 

       

Child of HENRY BEAUCLERC and EADGYTH is:

7.                i.    MATILDA⁵, d. September 10, 1169.

 

 

Generation No. 5

 

7.  Empress MATILDA⁵ (HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) died September 10, 1169.  She married GEOFFREY OF ANJOU April 01, 1127. 

 

Notes for MATILDA:

Empress Matilda (1141 AD)

Matilda is the Latin form of Maud, and the name of the only surviving legitimate child of King Henry I. She was born in 1101, generally it is said at Winchester, but recent research indicates that she was actually born at the Royal Palace in Sutton Courtenay (Berkshire).

 

In something of a political coup for her father, Matilda was betrothed to the German Emperor, Henry V, when she was only eight. They were married on 7th January 1114. She was twelve and he was thirty-two. Unfortunately there were no children and on the Emperor's death in 1125, Matilda was recalled to her father's court.

 

Matilda's only legitimate brother had been killed in the disastrous Wreck of the White Ship in late 1120 and she was now her father's only hope for the continuation of his dynasty. The barons swore allegiance to the young Princess and promised to make her queen after her father's death. She herself needed heirs though and in April 1127, Matilda found herself obliged to marry Prince Geoffrey of Anjou and Maine (the future Geoffrey V, Count of those Regions). He was thirteen, she twenty-three. It is thought that the two never got on. However, despite this unhappy situation they had had three sons in four years.

 

Being absent in Anjou at the time of her father's death on 1st December 1135, possibly due to pregnancy, Matilda was not in much of a position to take up the throne which had been promised her and she quickly lost out to her fast-moving cousin, Stephen. With her husband, she attempted to take Normandy. With encouragement from supporters in England though, it was not long before Matilda invaded her rightful English domain and so began a long-standing Civil War from the powerbase of her half-brother, Robert of Gloucester, in the West Country.

 

After three years of armed struggle, she at last gained the upper hand at the Battle of Lincoln, in February 1141, where King Stephen was captured. However, despite being declared Queen or "Lady of the English" at Winchester and winning over Stephen's brother, Henry of Blois, the powerful Bishop of Winchester, Matilda alienated the citizens of London with her arrogant manner. She failed to secure her coronation and the Londoners joined a renewed push from Stephen's Queen and laid siege to the Empress in Winchester. She managed to escape to the West, but while commanding her rearguard, her brother was captured by the enemy.

 

Matilda was obliged to swap Stephen for Robert on 1st November 1141. Thus the King soon reimposed his Royal authority. In 1148, after the death of her half-brother, Matilda finally returned to Normandy, leaving her son, who, in 1154, would become Henry II, to fight on in England. She died at Rouen on 10th September 1169 and was buried in Fontevrault Abbey, though some of her entrails may possibly have been later interred in her father's foundation at Reading Abbey.

 

       

Child of MATILDA and GEOFFREY ANJOU is:

9.                i.    HENRY⁶ II, b. March 05, 1132/33, Le Mans, Maine; d. July 06, 1189, Chinon Castle, Anjou.

 

 

Generation No. 6

 

9.  King HENRY⁶ II (MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born March 05, 1132/33 in Le Mans, Maine, and died July 06, 1189 in Chinon Castle, Anjou.  He married ELEANOR OF AQUITANE May 19, 1152. 

 

Notes for HENRY II:

Henry II (1154-1189)

 

Born: 5th March 1133 at Le Mans, Maine

 

Died: 6th July 1189 at Chinon Castle, Anjou

 

Buried: Fontevrault Abbey, Anjou

 

Parents: Geoffrey, Count of Anjou and the Empress Matilda

 

Siblings: Geoffrey, Count of Nantes & William, Count of Poitou

 

Crowned: 19th December 1154 at Westminster Abbey, Middlesex

 

Married: 18th May 1152 at Bordeaux Cathedral, Gascony

 

Spouse: Eleanor daughter of William X, Duke of Aquitane & divorcee of Louis VII, King of France

 

Offspring: William, Henry, Matilda, Richard, Geoffrey, Eleanor, Joan & John

 

Contemporaries: Louis VII (King of France, 1137-1180), Thomas Beckett (Archbishop of Canterbury), Pope Adrian IV, Frederick I (Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor, 1152-1190)

Henry II, first of the Angevin kings, was one of the most effective of all England's monarchs. He came to the throne amid the anarchy of Stephen's reign and promptly collared his errant barons. He refined Norman government and created a capable, self-standing bureaucracy. His energy was equaled only by his ambition and intelligence. Henry survived wars, rebellion, and controversy to successfully rule one of the Middle Ages' most powerful kingdoms.

 

Henry was raised in the French province of Anjou and first visited England in 1142 to defend his mother's claim to the disputed throne of Stephen. His continental possessions were already vast before his coronation: He acquired Normandy and Anjou upon the death of his father in September 1151, and his French holdings more than doubled with his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitane (ex-wife of King Louis VII of France). In accordance with the Treaty of Wallingford, a succession agreement signed by Stephen and Matilda in 1153, Henry was crowned in October 1154. The continental empire ruled by Henry and his sons included the French counties of Brittany, Maine, Poitou, Touraine, Gascony, Anjou, Aquitane, and Normandy. Henry was technically a feudal vassal of the king of France but, in reality, owned more territory and was more powerful than his French lord. Although King John (Henry's son) lost most of the English holdings in France, English kings laid claim to the French throne until the fifteenth century. Henry also extended his territory in the British Isles in two significant ways. First, he retrieved Cumbria and Northumbria form Malcom IV of Scotland and settled the Anglo-Scot border in the North. Secondly, although his success with Welsh campaigns was limited, Henry invaded Ireland and secured an English presence on the island.

 

English and Norman barons in Stephen's reign manipulated feudal law to undermine royal authority; Henry instituted many reforms to weaken traditional feudal ties and strengthen his position. Unauthorized castles built during the previous reign were razed. Monetary payments replaced military service as the primary duty of vassals. The Exchequer was revitalized to enforce accurate record keeping and tax collection. Incompetent sheriffs were replaced and the authority of royal courts was expanded. Henry empowered a new social class of government clerks that stabilized procedure - the government could operate effectively in the king's absence and would subsequently prove sufficiently tenacious to survive the reign of incompetent kings. Henry's reforms allowed the emergence of a body of common law to replace the disparate customs of feudal and county courts. Jury trials were initiated to end the old Germanic trials by ordeal or battle. Henry's systematic approach to law provided a common basis for development of royal institutions throughout the entire realm.

 

The process of strengthening the royal courts, however, yielded an unexpected controversy. The church courts instituted by William the Conqueror became a safe haven for criminals of varying degree and ability, for one in fifty of the English population qualified as clerics. Henry wished to transfer sentencing in such cases to the royal courts, as church courts merely demoted clerics to laymen. Thomas Beckett, Henry's close friend and chancellor since 1155, was named Archbishop of Canterbury in June 1162 but distanced himself from Henry and vehemently opposed the weakening of church courts. Beckett fled England in 1164, but through the intervention of Pope Adrian IV (the lone English pope), returned in 1170.He greatly angered Henry by opposing to the coronation of Prince Henry. Exasperated, Henry hastily and publicly conveyed his desire to be rid of the contentious Archbishop - four ambitious knights took the king at his word and murdered Beckett in his own cathedral on December 29, 1170. Henry endured a rather limited storm of protest over the incident and the controversy passed.

 

Henry's plans of dividing his myriad lands and titles evoked treachery from his sons. At the encouragement - and sometimes because of the treatment - of their mother, they rebelled against their father several times, often with Louis VII of France as their accomplice. The deaths of Henry the Young King in 1183 and Geoffrey in 1186 gave no respite from his children's rebellious nature; Richard, with the assistance of Philip II Augustus of France, attacked and defeated Henry on July 4, 1189 and forced him to accept a humiliating peace. Henry II died two days later, on July 6, 1189.

 

A few quotes from historic manuscripts shed a unique light on Henry, Eleanor, and their sons.

 

From Sir Winston Churchill Kt, 1675: "Henry II Plantagenet, the very first of that name and race, and the very greatest King that England ever knew, but withal the most unfortunate . . . his death being imputed to those only to whom himself had given life, his ungracious sons. . ."

 

From Sir Richard Baker, A Chronicle of the Kings of England: Concerning endowments of mind, he was of a spirit in the highest degree generous . . . His custom was to be always in action; for which cause, if he had no real wars, he would have feigned . . . To his children he was both indulgent and hard; for out of indulgence he caused his son henry to be crowned King in his own time; and out of hardness he caused his younger sons to rebel against him . . . He married Eleanor, daughter of William Duke of Guienne, late wife of Lewis the Seventh of France. Some say King Lewis carried her into the Holy Land, where she carried herself not very holily, but led a licentious life; and, which is the worst kind of licentiousness, in carnal familiarity with a Turk."

 

       

Child of HENRY and ELEANOR AQUITANE is:

10.              i.    JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, b. December 24, 1167, Beaumont Palace, Oxford; d. October 18, 1216, Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire.

 

 

Generation No. 7

 

10. King  JOHN⁷ LACKLAND AKA King John (HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born December 24, 1167 in Beaumont Palace, Oxford, and died October 18, 1216 in Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire.  He married  (1) ISABELLA – Daughter of the Earl of Gloucester and (2) ISABELLA TAILEFER, daughter of the Count of Angouleme in France. 

 

Notes for JOHN LACKLAND:

John, Lackland (1199-1216 AD)

 

Born: 24 December 1167 at Beaumont Palace, Oxford

 

Died: 18 October 1216 at Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire

 

Buried: Worcester Cathedral, Worcester

 

Parents: Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitane

 

Siblings: William, Henry, Matilda, Richard, Geoffrey, Eleanor & Joan

 

Crowned: 27 May 1199 at Westminster Abbey, Middlesex

 

Married: (1st) 29th August 1189 at Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire; (2nd) 24 August 1200 at Bordeaux Cathedral

 

Spouse: (1st) Isabella daughter of William, Earl of Gloucester; (2nd) Isabella daughter of Aymer Taillefer, Count of Angouleme

 

Offspring: (1st) None; (2nd) Henry, Richard, Joan, Isabella & Eleanor; (Illegitimate) At least twelve

 

Contemporaries: Philip II (King of France, 1180-1223); Innocent III (Pope, 1198-1216); Llywelyn the Great (King of Wales, 1208-1240); Stephen Langdon (Archbishop of Canterbury)

 

John was born on Christmas Eve 1167. His parents drifted apart after his birth; his youth was divided between his eldest brother Henry's house, where he learned the art of knighthood, and the house of his father's justiciar, Ranulf Glanvil, where he learned the business of government. As the fourth child, inherited lands were not available to him, giving rise to his nickname, Lackland. His first marriage lasted but ten years and was fruitless, but his second wife, Isabella of Angouleme, bore him two sons and three daughters. He also had an illegitimate daughter, Joan, who married Llywelyn the Great, Ruler of All Wales, from which the Tudor line of monarchs was descended. The survival of the English government during John's reign is a testament to the reforms of his father, as John taxed the system socially, economically, and judicially.

 

The Angevin family feuds profoundly marked John. He and Richard clashed in 1184 following Richard's refusal to honor his father's wishes surrender Aquitane to John. The following year Henry II sent John to rule Ireland, but John alienated both the native Irish and the transplanted Anglo-Normans who emigrated to carve out new lordships for themselves; the experiment was a total failure and John returned home within six months. After Richard gained the throne in 1189, he gave John vast estates in an unsuccessful attempt to appease his younger brother. John failed to overthrow Richard's administrators during the German captivity and conspired with Philip II in another failed coup attempt. Upon Richard's release from captivity in 1194, John was forced to sue for pardon and he spent the next five years in his brother's shadow.

 

John's reign was troubled in many respects. A quarrel with the Church resulted in England being placed under an interdict in 1207, with John actually excommunicated two years later. The dispute centered on John's stubborn refusal to install the papal candidate, Stephen Langdon, as Archbishop of Canterbury; the issue was not resolved until John surrendered to the wishes of Pope Innocent III and paid tribute for England as the Pope's vassal.

 

John proved extremely unpopular with his subjects. In addition to the Irish debacle, he inflamed his French vassals by orchestrating the murder of his popular nephew, Arthur of Brittany. By spring 1205, he lost the last of his French possessions and returned to England. The final ten years of his reign were occupied with failed attempts to regain these territories. After levying a number of new taxes upon the barons to pay for his dismal campaigns, the discontented barons revolted, capturing London in May 1215. At Runnymeade in the following June, John succumbed to pressure from the barons, the Church, and the English people at-large, and signed the Magna Carta. The document, a declaration of feudal rights, stressed three points. First, the Church was free to make ecclesiastic appointments. Second, larger-than-normal amounts of money could only be collected with the consent of the king's feudal tenants. Third, no freeman was to be punished except within the context of common law. Magna Carta, although a testament to John's complete failure as monarch, was the forerunner of modern constitutions. John only signed the document as a means of buying time and his hesitance to implement its principles compelled the nobility to seek French assistance. The barons offered the throne to Philip II's son, Louis. John died in the midst of invasion from the French in the South and rebellion from his barons in the North.

 

John was remembered in elegant fashion by Sir Richard Baker in A Chronicle of the Kings of England: ". . .his works of piety were very many . . . as for his actions, he neither came to the crown by justice, nor held it with any honour, nor left it peace."

 

               

       

Child of JOHN LACKLAND and ISABELLA TAILEFER is:

12.             ii.    RICHARD⁸ of CORNWALL. (his ½ brother was King Henry III through which a direct line of kings runs)

 

 

Generation No. 8

 

 

 

12.  RICHARD⁸ of CORNWALL (JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY)

       

Child of RICHARD CORNWALL is:

14.              i.    JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, d. 1348.

 

 

Generation No. 9

 

 

14.  JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL (RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) died 1348.  She married JOHN HOWARD - Sheriff of Norfolk, son of WILLIAM HOWARD and GILLA DE TERRINGTON.  He died April 28, 1340.

 

       

Child of JOAN DE CORNWALL and JOHN HOWARD is:

16.              i.    JOHN¹⁰ HOWARD.

 

 

Generation No. 10

 

 

16.  JOHN¹⁰ HOWARD  - Sheriff of Norfolk and Admiral of the British Navy (JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY)  He married ALICE DE BOYS 1334, daughter of ROBERT DE BOYS.  She died 1372.

       

Child of JOHN HOWARD and ALICE DE BOYS is:

18.              i.    ROBERT¹¹ HOWARD, b. 1336, Stoke by Nayland, Suffolk, England; d. July 03, 1388.

 

Generation No. 11

 

 

18.  ROBERT¹¹ HOWARD (JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born 1336 in Stoke by Nayland, Suffolk, England, and died July 03, 1388.  He married MARGERY SCALES, daughter of ROBERT DE SCALES and CATHERINE DE UFFORD. 

 

Notes for ROBERT HOWARD:

Notes: charged in 1378 with the abduction of Margery Narford, grand daughter and heir to Alice, Lady Neville. Such was the serious nature of the offence that Howard was not only sent to the Tower but also bound under substantial recognizances to do no harm to Lady Neville and his captor, Sis John Le Strange; furthermore, his case was brought to the attention of Parliament. But such animosity as possibly remained between Strange and Howard did not, in the following year, prevent Richard, earl of Arundel, from having both men act as witnesses to one of his transactions.

 

       

Child of ROBERT HOWARD and MARGERY SCALES is:

20.              i.    JOHN¹² HOWARD, b. 1366, Stoke by Nayland, Suffolk, England; d. November 17, 1436, Jerusalem.

 

 

Generation No. 12

 

 

20.  JOHN¹² HOWARD - Sheriff of Essex and Hertford (ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born 1366 in Stoke by Nayland, Suffolk, England, and died November 17, 1436 in The Crusades, Jerusalem.  He married (1) ALICE TENDRING, daughter of WILLIAM TENDERING and CATHERINE CLOPTON.  She died October 18, 1426.  He married (2) MARGARET PLAIZ. 

 

Child of JOHN HOWARD and ALICE TENDRING is:

22.              i.    ROBERT¹³ HOWARD, b. 1383, Stoke by Nayland, Suffolk, England; d. 1436.

 

 

Generation No. 13

 

 

22.  ROBERT¹³ HOWARD (JOHN¹², ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born 1383 in Stoke by Nayland, Suffolk, England, and died 1436.  He married MARGARET DELAWARE MOWBRAY, daughter of THOMAS MOBRAY and ELIZABETH FITZALAN.  She was born 1388 in England.

       

Children of ROBERT HOWARD and MARGARET MOWBRAY are:

24.              i.    JOHN¹⁴ HOWARD, b. 1420, Tendring, Essex, England; d. August 22, 1485, Battle of Bosworth Field, Leicestershire, England.

25.             ii.    KATHERINE (Catherine) HOWARD, b. 1414. m. EDWARD DE NEVILLE

                 iii.    MARGARET HOWARD, m. EDWARD DE NEVILE; d. 1476.

 

Notes for EDWARD DE NEVILE:

Lord Abervergenny. Married by special dispensation 1448, Catherine Howard daughter of Sir Robert Howard and Margaret de Mobray.

 

 

 

Generation No. 14

 

 

24.  JOHN¹⁴ HOWARD – 1^st Duke of Norfolk (ROBERT¹³, JOHN¹², ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born 1420 in Tendring, Essex, England, and died August 22, 1485 in Battle of Bosworth Field, Leicestershire, England.  He married (1) CATHERINE DE MOLYENS 1442, daughter of WILLIAM DE MOLYENS and ANNE WHALESBOROUGH.  She was born 1424 in Stoke Pogis, Buckinghamshire, England, and died November 03, 1465 in Stoke by Nayland, Suffolk, England.  He married (2) MARGARET CHEDWORTH February 01, 1454/55.  She was born 1436 in Yorkshire, England.

 

Notes for JOHN HOWARD:

Occupation: 15 Oct 1470 Summoned to Parliament as Baron

Occupation: Ist Duke of Norfolk

 

Born around 1420, John Howard was the son and heir of Sir Robert Howard and Margaret, daughter of Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk. Through his mother and her female line, he was descended from Edward I, thus making him the premier Duke and heir to the title of Earl Marshall. Nothing is known of his childhood.

 

His first recorded service was in 1451, when he followed Lord L’Isle to Guienne. He was also present at the Battle of Chatillon in Jul two years later. It was at this time that he entered the service of John Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk.

 

On the first accession of Edward IV, Howard was knighted and appointed Constable of Colchester Castle, Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk. He was also one of the King’s Carvers.

 

Howard took an active part in John Mowbray’s quarrel with John Paston. In Aug 1461, he was involved in a violent brawl with Paston and used his influence with Edward IV against Paston. In Nov of the same year, Howard was imprisoned after giving offence at the election of Paston, causing many complaints against him.

 

The following year, he was appointed Constable of Norwich Castle and received grants of several manors forfeited by the Earl of Wiltshire. He was joined by William Neville, Baron Fauconberg and Lord Clinton to "keep the seas", taking Croquet and the Isle of Rhe. Later in the year, he was sent to help the Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick at Warkworth.

 

In the Spring of 1464, Howard helped Norfolk secure Wales for Edward IV. He bought the reversion of Bamburgh Castle in Jun of the same year and was with Edward IV and his court at Reading by the year’s end.

 

Howard was appointed Vice Admiral for Norfolk and Suffolk in 1466, and was charged with conveying envoys from England to France and the Duke of Burgundy. He remained in Calais from 15 May to 27 Sep.

 

He was elected Knight of the Shire for Suffolk in Apr 1467, having been elected Knight of the Shire for Norfolk in 1455. Nov 1467 saw him as an appointed Envoy to France as well as Treasurer to the Household, a post which he held until 1474. The following Jun (1468) he attended Margaret of York to Flanders for her marriage to Charles, Duke of Burgundy.

 

On the restoration of Henry VI, he was created Baron de Howard (15 Oct 1470). However, when Edward IV landed back in England in Mar 1471, after living in exile in Bruges, Howard proclaimed Edward to be King.

 

The following Jun, he was appointed Deputy Governor of Calais. When Edward IV invaded France in Jul 1474, he was accompanied by John Howard, who was one of the commissioners who made a truce at Amiens. Howard received a pension from Louis XI and remained in France, briefly, as a hostage after Edward’s departure. On Howard’s return to England, he was granted manors in Suffolk and Oxfordshire forfeited by John de Vere, Earl of Oxford.

 

John Howard was also sent by Edward to treat with France on several occasions – Jul 1477, Mar 1478, and Jan 1479. Also, in 1479, he was put in charge of the fleet which was sent to Scotland.

 

At Edward IV’s funeral in Apr 1483, he carried Edward’s Banner. He then attached himself to Richard III. On 13 May 1483, he was appointed High Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster and wa made a Privy Councillor. A month later, John Howard was created Duke of Norfolk and Earl Marshall.

 

He persuaded Elizabeth Woodville to let the young Duke of York join his brother Edward V in the Tower. He was possibly involved in the murder of the two princes in the Tower of London. At Richard III’s coronation, Howard performed many functions – he acted as High Steward, bore the crown, and, as Earl Marshall, was the King’s Champion. Shortly afterwards, he was created Admiral of England, Ireland, and Aquitaine, and was appointed Chief of Commissioners to negotiate with James III of Scotland on 12 Sep 1484 at Nottingham.

 

In Aug 1485, he summoned his retainers to Bury St. Edmunds and commanded the vanguard at the Battle of Bosworth, where he was killed. Howard was attainted at Henry VII’s first Parliament. He was buried in the conventual church at Thetford, Norfolk.

 

       

Children of JOHN HOWARD and CATHERINE DE MOLYENS are:

27.              i.    THOMAS¹⁵ HOWARD, b. 1443, Stoke by Nayland, Suffolk, England; d. May 21, 1524, Framlingham Castle, Norfolk, England.

28.             ii.    ANNE HOWARD.

                 iii.    ISABEL HOWARD, m. ROBERT MORTIMER.

                 iv.    JANE HOWARD, m. JOHN TIMPERLEY.

                  v.    MARGARET HOWARD.

                 vi.    ELIZABETH HOWARD.

                vii.    NICHOLAS HOWARD.

 

       

Children of JOHN HOWARD and MARGARET CHEDWORTH are:

29.          viii.    CATHERINE¹⁵ HOWARD, b. 1467.

                  ix.    MARGARET HOWARD.

 

Generation No. 15

 

 

27.  THOMAS¹⁵ HOWARD – 2^nd Duke of Norfolk (JOHN¹⁴, ROBERT¹³, JOHN¹², ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born 1443 in Stoke by Nayland, Suffolk, England, and died May 21, 1524 in Framlingham Castle, Norfolk, England.  He married (1) ELIZABETH TILNEY April 30, 1472 in Norfolk, England.  She was born 1450 in Ashwelthorpe, Norfolk, England.  He married (2) AGNES TILNEY August 17, 1497 in Norfolk, England, daughter of HUGH TILNEY.  She was born 1477 in Skirbeck, Lincolnshire, England.

 

Notes for THOMAS HOWARD:

Also Known As: 2nd Duke of Norfolk

Burial: Thetford Abbey, Norfolk

Note: Earl of Surrey. Earl Marshall of England

Occupation: Earl Marshall of England 1

Occupation: 2nd Duke of Norfolk 1

Occupation: Earl of Surrey 1

Occupation: Knight of the Garter

 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Earl of Surrey. Earl Marshall of England. The Complete Peerage vol.XIIpI,p.513. Fought on the wrong side at the battle of Bosworth, his father was killed and was taken prisoner by Henry VII, attainted, and placed in the Tower of London. Thomas Howard, stripped of his lands and titles, remained in prison for 3 years. Was released 1489. Henry VII needed a good general to fight the Scots. Thomas, who had been trained as a soldier all his life and was a good general, was released from prison and his title Earl of Surrey, which he had received in 1483, was restored. But his lands and the dukedom were not. He was entrusted by Henry VII with the care of the northern borders and in 1501 was made lord treasurer.

 

As the king's lieutenant of the north, Surrey suppressed the English rebels and advanced against the King of Scots seizing several castles along the border. The King of Scots refused to fight Surrey and disbanded his army.

 

As part of the peace settlement Henry VII's daughter Margaret married James, King of Scotland. Surrey escorted Margaret to Edinburgh and gave the bride away on behalf of Henry VII.

 

Early in his reign the new King Henry VIII crossed the Channel to France in an attempt to revive the English claim to the French throne. Fortunately he left the Earl of Surrey in England. The French campaign was a disaster. While Henry VIII was in France, King James of Scotland invaded England with an army 30,000. Surrey rushed to the defense with an army of about 20,000. The battle of Flodden was a disaster for James and the Scots. Over 10,000 of his men were killed, including many Scottish peers. King James died only a few feet from Surrey.

 

Although King Henry was most likely jealous of Surrey's success and his own failure, he restored the titles of Duke of Norfolk and Earl Marshall to him. Surrey was the toast of England. And the Scottish border was secure for many years.

 

Although an influential member of Henry VIII’s privy council, he was gradually forced to relinquish much of his power to the ascending Thomas Wolsey. Norfolk was no courtier and didn't play much of a role in the affairs of state after that. Cardinal Wolsey held the power then and saw to it that men like Norfolk didn't gain too much influence with the King.

 

In 1517 Norfolk put down a revolt by the London apprentices. Afterward he persuaded Henry not to treat them harshly.

 

When King Henry returned to France for The Field of the Cloth of Gold he left Norfolk at home in charge of the country. He served as guardian of the realm during Henry’s absence in 1520. In 1521, acting as Lord High Steward, he was compelled to sentence his friend Edward Stafford, 3° Duke of Buckingham, to death.

 

In 1522 Norfolk was sent as ambassador to the Holy Roman Emperor, Carlos V who honored him by making his eldest son Admiral of the Imperial Dominions.

 

Framlingham Castle

 

He died in 1524 in the great castle of Framlingham which had once been the seat of the Mowbray dukes of Norfolk and before that had been home to the Bigods, Earls for Norfolk during the Norman era. He was about 80.

 

More About THOMAS HOWARD:

Burial: Thetford Priory

 

More About AGNES TILNEY:

Burial: May 31, 1545, Thetford Abbey

               

Children of THOMAS HOWARD and ELIZABETH TILNEY are:

31.              i.    THOMAS¹⁶ HOWARD, b. 1473; d. August 25, 1554, Kenninghall, Norfolk, England.

32.             ii.    ELIZABETH HOWARD, b. 1483.

                 iii.    EDWARD HOWARD, b. 1477.

                 iv.    MURIEL HOWARD, b. 1485.

                  v.    EDMUND HOWARD, b. 1477.

 

       

Children of THOMAS HOWARD and AGNES TILNEY are:

33.            vi.    THOMAS¹⁶ HOWARD, b. 1512, Ashwell Thorpe, Norfolk, England; d. 1537, Tower of London, London, Middlesex, England.

                vii.    ANNE HOWARD, b. 1500; m. JOHN VERE.

               viii.    WILLIAM HOWARD, b. 1510.

                  ix.    CATHERINE HOWARD, m. (1) RHYS AP GRIFFTH; m. (2) GILES DAUBENEY.

34.              x.    DOROTHY HOWARD, b. 1511.

 

 

Generation No. 16

 

31.  THOMAS¹⁶ HOWARD – 3^rd Duke of Norfolk (THOMAS¹⁵, JOHN¹⁴, ROBERT¹³, JOHN¹², ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born 1473, and died August 25, 1554 in Kenninghall, Norfolk, England.  He married (1) ANNE PLANTAGENET February 04, 1493/94 in Greenwich Palace, London, England.    He married (2) ELIZABETH STAFFORD January 08, 1511/12. 

 

Notes for THOMAS HOWARD:

Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk

 

English nobleman, a master of survival in the treacherous political climate of Henry VIII's Court, described by Ludovico Falieri, Venetian Ambassador in Nov 1531 as 'prudent, liberal, affable and astute; associates with everybody, has very great experience in political government, discusses the affairs of the world admirably, aspires to greater elevation, and bears ill-will to foreigners... small and spare in person, his hair is black...'. His own education and instincts were old fashioned; in religion and politics, Norfolk was a conservative, unimpressed by the new ideas of the reformers and uncomfortable with the low born "new men" of the Tudor Court. He claimed the deference due the leader of the traditional nobility, yet recognized uneasily that loyalty, ability and service counted as much as or more than ancient tittle to the Tudors.

 

Thomas was the first son of Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey (afterwards the second Duke of Norfolk) and his first wife, Elizabeth Tilney, widow of Sir Humphrey Bourchier. Thomas and his brothers received a medieval education, studying Latin and French, and the usual course of grammar, rethoric, logic, some arithmetic and a bit of music. Thomas may have shared the latter stages of his education with his half brother, John Bourchier, second lord Berners, the translator of the french chronicler Jean Froissart.

 

Old enough at his grandfather death's to have spent time at John Howard's house at Tendring Hall, in 1484, Thomas Howard was brought to Court and bethroted to Anne Plantagenet, daughter of Edward IV and niece to Richard III. With his brother Edward, he was placed in Henry VII's household as a page. Married with Anne 4 Feb 1495 at Westminster Abbey, thus became brother-in-law to Henry VII. Howard would be landless and penniless until the death of the dowager duchess of Norfolk, and Anne had nothing but her name, so relatives had to provide for the couple. Queen Elizabeth provided her sister with twenty shillings a wek for food and drink, and paid for personal retinue of two women, a young maid, a gentleman, a yeoman and three grooms.

 

Although Thomas and Anne had a number of children, none lived to maturity. The longest lived, Thomas, was born about 1497, and died Aug 1508, buried in the Howard Chapel at Lambeth. Anne herself seems to have suffered poor health, and died early, for consumption, in 1512. After seventeen years of marriage, Thomas was left a childless widower.

 

The Howards overcame the disgrace of their support of Richard III because Surrey and his sons proved useful to Henry VII. Like Richard before him, Henry needed loyal support to establish and maintain his power. The Earl of Surrey was constantly at Court and in council, serving as the only prominent titled noble among the King's ecclesiastical circle. During the reign of Henry VII there are a little information about Howard. In 1503, when his father escorted Margaret Tudor to Scotland, the entire family went along. Thomas also accompanied his father on an embassy to Flanders in 1507.

 

He fought against the Scots at Flodden and became in 1514 Earl of Surrey when his father was made Duke of Norfolk. After his first wife’s death he married Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Stafford, 3d Duke of Buckingham. By his father and grandfather marriages, he was related to many noble families, including those of the earls of Derby, Oxford, Sussex, Bridgewater, Devon and Wiltshire; as well as baronial clans such the Lisles and Dacres. If second cousins and in-laws are considered, there was hardly a Tudor peer who was not Thomas Howard`s kin.

 

 

He served as lord lieutenant of Ireland (1520–21). Succeeding his father as lord high treasurer in 1522 and as Duke of Norfolk in 1524, Norfolk led the opposition to Cardinal Thomas Wolsey.

 

He supported Henry VIII’s divorce from Catalina de Aragón and his marriage to his niece Anne Boleyn. Norfolk brought her to court in the hopes of attracting the King, actively campaigned for her advancement in the hopes of furthering his own political fortunes, and when she fell from grace, jumped to the side of her accusers and took part in her downfall. He was ready to do whatever it took, even sacrifice his religion and his family, to retain the King's favor and further his ambitions.

 

What were Norfolk's ambitions? First, to make the Howard family the most influential family in England; if possible, to place a Howard on the throne; to be in a position that was invulnerable to royal whims and rages; and in the darkest days, as one plan after another miscarried, to keep his head.

 

Although Norfolk conducted the campaign against the Pilgrimage of Grace, he remained Catholic. He was an enemy of Thomas Cromwell and instrumental in bringing about his fall.

 

After the execution in 1542 of another of his nieces, Catherine Howard, Henry VIII’s fifth queen, Norfolk’s influence waned, and he was forced back into the position of a mere military commander.

 

Norfolk was considered the leader of the Catholic party during the Reformation of the Church of England and as such was a friend of Sir Thomas More, and was patron of Sir William Roper, brother-in-law of William Dauntesey, both sons-in-law of Sir Thomas More.

 

 

 

The tomb of the third Duke of Norfolk in Framlingham Church, with his effigie and of his wife, Elizabeth Stafford, who separated from him in life was buried at Lambeth

 In 1546 he and his son Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, were charged with treason. Norfolk's son was a man of learning often called "the Poet", who also had a reputation for skill at arms. He was charged with quartering the arms of Edward the Confessor with his own, which was like openly claiming the Throne, and was executed. King Henry VIII ordered Norfolk's execution as well, but died the day before the execution could be carried out.

 

He was released from prison on the accession of Mary I and restored to his dukedom. His first important service to the new Queen was to preside the trial of the Duke of Northumberland. He successfully led the forces against the rebellion of Sir Thomas Wyatt, the younger.

 

 

After six weeks of failing health, he died at Kenninghall on 25 Aug 1555. A last minute bequest of L100 was made to Jane Goodman, a young girl living in Norfolk's London house when he made the final changes to his will in the previous Jul. She may have been a natural daughter; at any rate she was still a member of the Howard Household in 1571.

 

Nothing was left to Elizabeth Holland, even though her father, by now the Duke's secretary, wrote out the will.

 

The important will was witnessed by no less than eight trusted servants, headed by Thomas Gawdy. The executors included Stephen Gardiner, Archbishop of York, Lord Chancellor; Robert Brooke, Chief Justice of Common Pleas; Nicholas Heath, Bishop of Worcester and Robert Rochester, Controller of the Queen Household. Queen Mary was herself appointed supervisor of the will.

 

Sources:

 

Chapman, Hester W.: Two Tudor Portraits: Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey and Lady Katherine Grey

 

(Little, Brown and Company - 1960 - Boston)

 

Head, David M.: The Ebbs and Flows of Fortune: The Life of Thomas Howard, Third Duke of Norfolk

(The University of Georgia Press – Athens & London – 1995)

Murphy, Beverley A.: Bastard Prince: Henry VIII's Lost Son

(Sutton Publishing Ltd. -  2001 – Phoenix Mill)

 

Routh, C.R.N.: Who´s Who in Tudor England (Who´s Who in British History Series, Vol.4)

 

(Shepeard-Walwyn Ltd. – 1990 – London) (1º Ed. as Who´s Who in History Series, Vol. II - 1964)

 

Smith, Lacey Baldwin: A Tudor tragedy – The life and times of Catherine Howard

 

(The Reprint Society Ltd. – 1962 - London)

 

Williams, Neville: Thomas Howard, fourth Duke of Norfolk

 

(Barrie and Rockliff – 1964 - London)

 

Williams, Neville: Henry VIII and his Court

 

(Cardinal – 1973 – London – 1º Ed. 1971)

 

 

More About THOMAS HOWARD:

Burial: Framlingham Castle, Norfolk, England

       

Children of THOMAS HOWARD and ANNE PLANTAGENET are:

                   i.    THOMAS¹⁷ HOWARD, b. 1496.

                  ii.    HENRY HOWARD.

                 iii.    WILLIAM HOWARD.

                 iv.    HOWARD.

                  v.    MARGARET HOWARD.

 

       

Children of THOMAS HOWARD and ELIZABETH STAFFORD are:

                 vi.    HENRY¹⁷ HOWARD.

                vii.    MARY HOWARD.

               viii.    THOMAS HOWARD.

                  ix.    CATHERINE HOWARD.

                   x.    ELIZABETH HOWARD.

                  xi.    JANE HOWARD GOODMAN.

 

Generation No. 17

 

 

38.  ROBERT¹⁷ HOWARD (THOMAS¹⁶, THOMAS¹⁵, JOHN¹⁴, ROBERT¹³, JOHN¹², ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born January 01, 1535/36 in Syon House, London, Middlesex, England, and died 1598.  He married PHILLIPA BUXTON 1574 in All Saints Parish, Tybbenham, Norfolk, England.  She was born 1539 in England.

       

Child of ROBERT HOWARD and PHILLIPA BUXTON is:

40.              i.    JOHN¹⁸ HOWARD, b. December 01, 1578, Brockdish Hall, Norfolk, England; d. April 04, 1642, Norwich, England.

 

Generation No. 18

 

 

40.  JOHN¹⁸ HOWARD (ROBERT¹⁷, THOMAS¹⁶, THOMAS¹⁵, JOHN¹⁴, ROBERT¹³, JOHN¹², ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born December 01, 1578 in Brockdish Hall, Norfolk, England, and died April 04, 1642 in Norwich, England.  He married ELIZABETH LOCK November 16, 1606 in England.  She was born 1580.

       

Children of JOHN HOWARD and ELIZABETH LOCK are:

42.              i.    MATTHEW¹⁹ HOWARD, b. 1609, Wardour Castle, Wilshire, England; d. September 04, 1659, Norfolk, Lower Norforlk County, Virginia.

43.             ii.    FRANCIS JAMES HOWARD.

 

 

Generation No. 19

 

 

 

42.  MATTHEW¹⁹ HOWARD (JOHN¹⁸, ROBERT¹⁷, THOMAS¹⁶, THOMAS¹⁵, JOHN¹⁴, ROBERT¹³, JOHN¹², ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born 1609 in Wardour Castle, Wilshire, England, and died September 04, 1659 in Norfolk, Lower Norforlk County, Virginia.  He married ANNE HALL, daughter of RICHARD HALL.  She was born October 25, 1610 in Felmersham, Bedford, England, and died in Lower Norfolk, Virginia.

 

Notes for MATTHEW HOWARD:

THE HOWARDS OF MARYLAND

 

(Howard Family Anne Arundel Gentry 975.202 A613NE V2 Page 225) The three outstanding, aristocratic Howard families of Maryland and their English background have presented a study for the family historian for the present as well as the past generations. Edmund Howard, of Charles County, Cornelius Howard of Baltimore County and Mathew Howard of Anne Arundel County all in some manner can claim descent from the family ranking next to the Royal House of England, but how they fit-in is a puzzle yet to be solved--- all three were conscious of their armorial rights and used the trappings in Maryland after they emigrated from their native England. Sir Bernard Burke, Ulster King of Arms, writing in 1873, made this statement: "Just four centuries of ducal rank and just eight centuries of unsullied ancestry are associated with the name of Howard [the family name of the Duke of Norfolk]. In the combination of antiquity of Delaware-scent, and the possession of the highest peerage honours with the most brilliant public services and the most illustrious alliances, the family of the Duke of Norfolk is unrivalled. Next to the blood-royal, Norfolk is not only the head of the titled ranks of this Empire,* (No longer a mighty Empire, but a series of more or less sovereign States holding alliance to the Queen, while other component States have declared their independence--226 Anne Arundel Gentry) but also I maintain at the head of European nobility,.... ,no less than nineteen Howards have been Knights of the Garter--no other family can boast as many--and full twenty distinct peerages have at various times been conferred on the Illustrious House'". Since Sir Bernard wrote his appraisal of the Howards in 1873, Missourire have been Knights of the Garter and others have been raised to the peerage, knighthood and other honours.

 

MATHEW HOWARD, GENT. 16-- - 165-

 

The English background Of Mathew Howard of the Severn in Mary-land has been the subject of much interest and not a little controversy as to the origin. That he was of the noble family of England cannot be denied, for, according to the ancient rules of heraldry and still adhered to by Lord Lyon of Scotland, any family which has been granted a coat-of-arms is deemed to be ennobled. Several fantastic theories, sworn by some descendants to be tile truth with gospel trimmings, have been put forth in the past.* [*In 1925 when research was being conducted on the Howards, I lent an ear to the story that he was the Mathew Howard whose legal name was Arundel, but changed it to Howard for political reasons. Furthermore, he was descended from an immediate line of the Duke of Norfolk, See "Anne Arundel Gentry'', 1st ed. All claims have since been found to have little foundation] Considerable American dollars have been paid by descendants to English researchers with no positive results, and even the College of Arms has not been able to throw much light on the ancestry. Many visible and invisible indicators point to the belief that he was not of too remote relationship to the Howards of the Peerage, but certainly no title or even a knighthood was possessed by him. But the use of the ancient Howard arms on documents in Maryland and the fact that all of his sons were literate place his family in the social picture above many of the British planters who settled in the Colonies. The date of his settlement in America and the political times at home all have some bearing on his life and the motive for his leaving England. His politics were of the Puritan variety, although it was at one time stated otherwise: They may have alienated him from the conservative opinions of other members of the family--though many peers espoused the liberality and revolutionary actions of Cromwell and his adherents. His associations in Virginia were definitely with the liberal non-Conformists which was the reason of his leaving that colony and coming to Maryland at the invitation of Lord Baltimore. He was among the first contingency to arrive and settled on the north shore of the Severn opposite the present town of Annapolis around present Greenbury Point more or less under the ancient rights of squatters until patents were granted after certain formalities. While Virginia historians claim with much gusto that their colony was settled by Cavaliers,* [*Defining Cavalier in its strictest sense as "An adherent of the Stuarts of England as opposed to the Puritans"] they overlook the truth. Virginia became a haven for Puritans and non-Conformists who were finding life uncomfortable while the Royalists held the upper hand in England. Claiborne, Bacon and others were all tainted with Puritanism and possessed revolutionary qualities.

 

The first record of Mathew Howard being in the Colony of Virginia was on February 8, 1637--8, when he was seated on the western branch of the Elizabeth River in the Upper County of New Norfolk. His emigration therefore ante-dates that year, but it is not believed to have been [Howard Family 227] too many years. At the time of his leaving England the Royalists held control and Archbishop Laud of Canterbury was offering his decrees to bring the Established Church back to more spirituality and ritualism, but at the same time offending the liberal churchmen who were rapidly forming themselves into a political party.

 

His being in Virginia by 1637 precludes his identity as the Mathew Howard, of County Essex, who matriculated at Magdalene, Cambride, at Easter 1634, and who later "migrated to Queens on November 1,1639", and who received his B.A. 1639/40, according to Alumni Cantabrigienses.* [*Approximately six years were rather a lengthy period of study at Cambridge for that time. Could the records be confused and there were two Mathew Howards, the one at Magdalene leaving before the conferment of the degree? The 1634 registration could fit the Maryland emigrant. All of his sons were literate, so it is evident that the father was likewise.] Throwing aside any political entanglement of Mathew Howard in England, his desire to settle in the Colonies may have been actuated by sheer adventure and the opportunities which a new world offered to younger sons without estates.

 

There is no record of his bringing-in children, but only his wife, Anne, and two man-servants. Consequently, it can be assumed that he had recently married and set out for Virginia shortly thereafter. He seemed to have left all connections behind him, and when he settled in Maryland neither he nor his sons commemorated any of his ancestoral estates by. the naming of their plantations to offer a clue to their life in England. As mentioned previously, he was seated on the western branch of the Elizabeth River in Upper Norfolk which is present Nansemond County, where a hot-bed of non-Conformists had developed through mutual interests.

 

It was not until May 27, 1638, that he applied for his head-rights in financing his own passage-and that of Anne his wife. He also-transported at his own expense two unnamed persons. If they were his children, the records fail to state, but the two transportees were probably past the infant stage, and are usually cited as servants. If they had been his children, the records would have most likely stated as such. He had a family by July 6, 1640, as the following human interest item will prove.

 

"Simon Peeter, aged 26, stated that Edy Hanklng said that Mathew Howard's wife went walking with Edward Lloide and left the children crying and her husband had to leave his work and quiet the children .... Eady Hanking shall acknowledge the accusations and as Howard's wife openely forgiveness both at the house of Mr. Wm Julian on Friday next and also at the Parish Church the Sunday following and defray the charges of the Court". [228 Anne Arundel Gentry]

 

By 1648 Mathew Howard was the father of six children. Richard Hall, of Lower Norfolk County, died testate in 1648 without issue and named Mathew Howard the Elder as the executor of his estate and bequeathed legacies to the Howard children. To Anne Howard he left a cow calf and a barrow shote; to Elizabeth Howard two cows and all their increase and a sow; to Mathew Howard the Younger a sow shote; to Cornelius Howard a sow and "my hat"; To John Howard "my wigg and new clothes"; and to Samuel Howard "my money and tobacco". He further- more left "Old Mathew" one yearling stear calf and "my best pair of breeches".

 

On November 15, 1648, Mathew Howard appeared at court and under oath declared that the last will and testament of Richard Hall as offered for probation was true and correct, thereupon administration was grant- ed.

 

On June 15, 1649, he witnessed the last will and testament of Edward Hodge, of Lower Norfolk County, Merchant.

 

On July 3, 1650, Robert Clark, Surveyor General of the Province, stated that' he had 'laid out for Mathew Howard of the Severn in the County of Ann Arundell planter a parcell of land lying on the south side of the River Severn near a creek called Marshes Creek........containing and now laid out in the whole for Six Hundred and fifty acres more or less". The 650 acres were undoubtedly due for his own personal adventure into the Province (100 acres) and the remainder for the transportation at his own expense eleven persons whose names unfortunately were not recorded. His younger children were certainly under age at that time, so it can be assumed that among the eleven were several of his children.

 

He perhaps returned to Virginia or his son and namesake remained behind, for on November 15, 1650, the Court of Lower Norfolk ordered that 100 lbs. tob. be paid to Mathew Howard for the killing of a wolf. It is also evident that he was a resident of Virginia as late as 1652. Lt. Coll. Cornelius Loyd in that year was appointed the Collector of the Western Branch of the Elizabeth River for 97 tithable persons with a quota of 31,880 lbs. tob. His remuneration was to be 4,150 lbs. tob. and Mathew Howard was to receive 100 lbs. tob. In the same year Robert Woody was ordered to pay Mathew Howard 500 lbs. tob.* [*Lower Norfolk County, Records 1651-54, folios 27, 32, 34, 39.] No record can be found of any last will and testament or even an inventory or administration of his estate. From the year 1650 to 1658 the Puritans were virtually in control of the Province of Maryland, and while records were kept during that period, none refer to Mathew Howard or his children. He was deceased by 1659, when Edward Lloyd who was the guardian of his youngest son, Philip, had "Howardstone" on the Severn surveyed for Philip Howard, stating that he was an orphan of Mathew Howard. It was not until 1660 or a little later that his sons appeared in the service and annals of the Province.

 

Children of Mathew and Anne Howard

1. Samuel Howard married Catherine Warner. q.v.

2. John Howard married the Widow Stevens and the Widow Maccubin. q.v.

3. Cornelius Howard married Eilzabeth. Gorsuch, q.v.

4. Mathew married 'Sarah Dorsey. q.v.

5. Philip Howard married Ruth Baldwin. q.v.

6. Anne Howard married James Greeniffe.* [*James Greeniffee died testate A. A. County, will dated Feb. 21, 1686/7, named his wife, Anne. appointed "brother Samuel Howard the overseer", and left a legacy to "brother John Howard". Ref: Wills, Liber 2, filio 215.]

7. Eizabeth Howard married [Henry Ridgeley].

8. [Mary Howard married Major General John Hammond.] q..v.

 

About 1667 or before appeared in Anne Arundel County Henry Howard whose interest in the new world was apparently commercial. The inventory of his estate proved definitely that he was a merchant. Until his death in 1684, he figured prominently in probate records, being appointed overseers of several estates. What relationship existed between him and Mathew Howard Sr. has not been determined, but he was acquainted with the sons and mentioned both John Howard and Mathew Howard Jr. in his last will and testament. His will was drawn up on December 31,1683 with Richard Howard as one of the witnesses. Richard can not be identified, as very little is known about him and no further record is available. While bearing the family name of Howard, he was not one of the legatees of Henry Howard who died without issue.

 

To Mr. John Bermitt and Sarah his wife, Henry Howard bequeathed "one sealed Ring marked with a coate-of-arms and one hopped Ring marked F C". He failed to state that the ring bore his coat-of-arms, though it is possible that it did. To John Howard he bequeathed a suit of wearing apparell, and to "John Howard and Mathew Howard of Anarundell County each a silver Seale a peice". As the last will and testament of John Howard contained the Howard arms beside his signature, it was probably the impression from the "silver seale". Mathew Howard Jr. displayed the arms of the Howards and a silver seale was listed in the inventory of his grandson. The records of Oxford and Cambridge do not reveal that any of the sons of Mathew Howard were sent back to England for their education, but all were literate and manifested a high degree of intellect. It is therefore apparent that they were tutored in Virginia and that the [23O Anne Arundel Gentry] younger ones were later schooled after settlement in Maryland.

 

It was a well-knit family, because only in a few cases does one find brothers in Maryland remembering one another in their will and their brother's wives as was the case among the Howards of the second generation. The family left its mark on Maryland and the scions intermarried with the county gentry of the Province. They were large land and slave owners which were symbols of wealth and position in those days. While the emigrant was undoubtedly of Puritan leanings, the sons conformed to the Established Church and even became members of the local vestries. The parentage of Mathew Howard at this publication still remains a mystery and is consistent with the mysteries of the family origin. The Genealogical Quarterly of London in its December 1934 issue stated "This noble name has been a sore puzzle to etymologists. A writer in the Quarterly Rev. (vol. CII) says the family may be Saxon, may be Danish. They are more probably of Norwegian origin. Havardor Haavard was a common personal name among the Northmen. It appears to be the English name Howard and left by them in Northumberland and East Anglia. Heimskringla, the seventeenth century genealogists, laboured hard to prove a Norman origin for this illustrious race, but authentic records extend back no further than the XIII cent., when the Howards rose into eminence in Norfolk, though Houardus, the Essex under-tenant of Domesday, may be cited on that side".

 

       

Children of MATTHEW HOWARD and ANNE HALL are:

47.              i.    CORNELIUS²⁰ HOWARD, b. 1643, Lower Norfolk, Virginia; d. 1680, Ann Arundel County, Maryland.

                  ii.    ANNE HOWARD, b. 1622; m. JAMES GREENIFFE.

                 iii.    ELIZABETH HOWARD, b. 1638; m. HENRY RIDGELEY.

                 iv.    MATTHEW HOWARD, b. 1640; m. SARAY DORSEY.

                  v.    PHILLIP HOWARD, b. 1649; m. RUTH BALDWIN.

                 vi.    MARY HOWARD, b. 1651; m. JOHN HAMMOND.

                vii.    ELEANOR HOWARD.

               viii.    SAMUEL HOWARD, m. CATHERINE WARNER.

                  ix.    JOHN HOWARD, m. (1) STEVENS; m. (2) MACCUBIN.

 

Generation No. 20

 

 

47.  CORNELIUS²⁰ HOWARD (MATTHEW¹⁹, JOHN¹⁸, ROBERT¹⁷, THOMAS¹⁶, THOMAS¹⁵, JOHN¹⁴, ROBERT¹³, JOHN¹², ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born 1643 in Lower Norfolk, Virginia, and died 1680 in Ann Arundel County, Maryland.  He married (1) ELIZABETH GORSUCH.  She was born 1641 in Hertfordshire, England.  He married (2) ELIZABETH TODD.  She was born in Baltimore County, Maryland.

 

       

Children of CORNELIUS HOWARD and ELIZABETH GORSUCH are:

51.              i.    CORNELIUS²¹ HOWARD, b. 1665, South River, Anardel, Maryland; d. February 23, 1714/15.

52.             ii.    JOSEPH HOWARD, b. 1676, Anne Arundel County, Maryland; d. 1736, Anne Arundel County, Maryland.

 

       

Child of CORNELIUS HOWARD and ELIZABETH TODD is:

53.            iii.    LOIS²¹ HOWARD, b. 1660, St. Anne's Parish, Maryland; d. 1725, Ann Arundel County, Maryland.

 

 

48.  JAMES OBADIAH²⁰ HOWARD (FRANCIS JAMES¹⁹, JOHN¹⁸, ROBERT¹⁷, THOMAS¹⁶, THOMAS¹⁵, JOHN¹⁴, ROBERT¹³, JOHN¹², ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born 1610 in Norwich, England.  He married UNKNOWN. 

       

Child of JAMES HOWARD and UNKNOWN is:

54.              i.    JAMES²¹ HOWARD, b. 1660, Kingsdale County Virginia; d. October 06, 1729, Bertie, North Carolina.

 

 

Generation No. 21

 

 

51.  CORNELIUS²¹ HOWARD (CORNELIUS²⁰, MATTHEW¹⁹, JOHN¹⁸, ROBERT¹⁷, THOMAS¹⁶, THOMAS¹⁵, JOHN¹⁴, ROBERT¹³, JOHN¹², ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born 1665 in South River, Anardel, Maryland, and died February 23, 1714/15.  He married MARY KATHERINE HAMMOND. 

       

Child of CORNELIUS HOWARD and MARY HAMMOND is:

56.              i.    JOHN CORNELIUS²² HOWARD, b. 1698, St. Anne's Parish, Maryland.

 

 

 

54.  JAMES²¹ HOWARD (JAMES OBADIAH²⁰, FRANCIS JAMES¹⁹, JOHN¹⁸, ROBERT¹⁷, THOMAS¹⁶, THOMAS¹⁵, JOHN¹⁴, ROBERT¹³, JOHN¹², ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born 1660 in Kingsdale County Virginia, and died October 06, 1729 in Bertie, North Carolina.  He married SARAH TITUS 1691, daughter of THOMAS TITUS.  She was born 1660.

       

Child of JAMES HOWARD and SARAH TITUS is:

60.              i.    JOHN²² HOWARD, b. 1700, Bertie, North Carolina; d. 1752, Blew Creek, Onslow County, Virginia.

 

 

Generation No. 22

 

 

56.  JOHN CORNELIUS²² HOWARD (CORNELIUS²¹, CORNELIUS²⁰, MATTHEW¹⁹, JOHN¹⁸, ROBERT¹⁷, THOMAS¹⁶, THOMAS¹⁵, JOHN¹⁴, ROBERT¹³, JOHN¹², ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born 1698 in St. Anne's Parish, Maryland.  He married ELIZABETH GASSAWAY.  She was born August 10, 1712 in Anne Arundel County, Maryland.

       

Child of JOHN HOWARD and ELIZABETH GASSAWAY is:

62.              i.    ELIZABETH WELLS²³ HOWARD, b. 1726, Grayson County, Virginia; d. 1796, Independence, Grayson County, Virginia.

 

 

60.  JOHN²² HOWARD (JAMES²¹, JAMES OBADIAH²⁰, FRANCIS JAMES¹⁹, JOHN¹⁸, ROBERT¹⁷, THOMAS¹⁶, THOMAS¹⁵, JOHN¹⁴, ROBERT¹³, JOHN¹², ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born 1700 in Bertie, North Carolina, and died 1752 in Blew Creek, Onslow County, Virginia.  He married FRANCES DENSON.  She was born 1695.

       

Children of JOHN HOWARD and FRANCES DENSON are:

63.              i.    THOMAS²³ HOWARD, b. June 08, 1740, Wilkes County, Georgia; d. June 05, 1822, Morgan County, Kentucky.

64.             ii.    SAMUEL HOWARD, b. 1725, Virginia; d. Virginia.

 

 

 

 

Generation No. 23

 

 

62.  ELIZABETH WELLS²³ HOWARD (JOHN CORNELIUS²², CORNELIUS²¹, CORNELIUS²⁰, MATTHEW¹⁹, JOHN¹⁸, ROBERT¹⁷, THOMAS¹⁶, THOMAS¹⁵, JOHN¹⁴, ROBERT¹³, JOHN¹², ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born 1726 in Grayson County, Virginia, and died 1796 in Independence, Grayson County, Virginia.  She married EPHRAIM OSBORNE 1740 in Yadkin River, North Carolina.  He was born August 23, 1723 in JAMES City, Williamsburg, Virginia, and died April 23, 1794 in Independence, Grayson County, Virginia.

       

Children of ELIZABETH HOWARD and EPHRAIM OSBORNE are:

66.              i.    CHLOE²⁴ OSBORNE, b. 1765, Greenbriar County, Virginia; d. December 05, 1840, Clay County, Kentucky.

                  ii.    ENOCH OSBORNE, b. 1745; m. JANE HASH.

                 iii.    ROBERT OSBORNE, b. 1747; m. ANN HOWARD.

 

 

64.  SAMUEL²³ HOWARD (JOHN²², JAMES²¹, JAMES OBADIAH²⁰, FRANCIS JAMES¹⁹, JOHN¹⁸, ROBERT¹⁷, THOMAS¹⁶, THOMAS¹⁵, JOHN¹⁴, ROBERT¹³, JOHN¹², ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born 1725 in Virginia, and died in Virginia.  He married FRANCES DRYDEN.  She was born 1728 in England, and died in Virginia.

       

Child of SAMUEL HOWARD and FRANCES DRYDEN is:

68.              i.    SAMUEL²⁴ HOWARD, b. July 02, 1762, Buckingham County, Virginia; d. December 05, 1840, Clay County, Kentucky.

 

 

Generation No. 24 (note that 66 and 68 merge – they were “cousins”)

 

 

66.  CHLOE²⁴ OSBORNE (ELIZABETH WELLS²³ HOWARD, JOHN CORNELIUS²², CORNELIUS²¹, CORNELIUS²⁰, MATTHEW¹⁹, JOHN¹⁸, ROBERT¹⁷, THOMAS¹⁶, THOMAS¹⁵, JOHN¹⁴, ROBERT¹³, JOHN¹², ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born 1765 in Greenbriar County, Virginia, and died December 05, 1840 in Clay County, Kentucky.  She married SAMUEL HOWARD June 01, 1780 in VIRGINIA, son of SAMUEL HOWARD and FRANCES DRYDEN.  He was born July 02, 1762 in Buckingham County, Virginia, and died December 05, 1840 in Clay County, Kentucky.

 

       

Children of CHLOE OSBORNE and SAMUEL HOWARD are:

                   i.    ANDREW²⁵ HOWARD.

                  ii.    DREAD HOWARD.

                 iii.    SAMUEL HOWARD.

                 iv.    WIXEY HOWARD.

                  v.    SARAH HOWARD.

                 vi.    ELIZABETH HOWARD.

                vii.    MARY W. HOWARD, b. 1788, North Carolina; d. 1863, Harlen County, Kentucky; m. HENRY HALEN HENSLEY, 1804.

               viii.    NANCY HOWARD.

                  ix.    ADRON (ADRIAN) HOWARD, b. February 22, 1783, VIRGINIA; d. March 03, 1868, CLAY COUNTY, Kentucky.

                   x.    JOHN HOWARD, b. 1785.

                  xi.    WILKERSON HOWARD, b. 1785.

 

 

 

68.  SAMUEL²⁴ HOWARD (SAMUEL²³, JOHN²², JAMES²¹, JAMES OBADIAH²⁰, FRANCIS JAMES¹⁹, JOHN¹⁸, ROBERT¹⁷, THOMAS¹⁶, THOMAS¹⁵, JOHN¹⁴, ROBERT¹³, JOHN¹², ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born July 02, 1762 in Buckingham County, Virginia, and died December 05, 1840 in Clay County, Kentucky.  He married CHLOE OSBORNE June 01, 1780 in VIRGINIA, daughter of EPHRAIM OSBORNE and ELIZABETH HOWARD.  She was born 1765 in Greenbriar County, Virginia, and died December 05, 1840 in Clay County,

 

Children are listed above under (66) Chloe Osborne.

 

Generation No. 25

 

 

70.  ADRON (ADRIAN)²⁵ HOWARD (SAMUEL²⁴, SAMUEL²³, JOHN²², JAMES²¹, JAMES OBADIAH²⁰, FRANCIS JAMES¹⁹, JOHN¹⁸, ROBERT¹⁷, THOMAS¹⁶, THOMAS¹⁵, JOHN¹⁴, ROBERT¹³, JOHN¹², ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born February 22, 1783 in VIRGINIA, and died March 03, 1868 in CLAY COUNTY, Kentucky.  He married (2) HANNAH LEWIS December 24, 1804.  She was born 1785, and died January 27, 1862.

       

Child of ADRON (ADRIAN) HOWARD is:

                   i.    JENNIE²⁶ HOWARD, m. DAVID MORGAN.

 

       

Child of ADRON HOWARD and HANNAH LEWIS is:

                  ii.    REBECCA²⁶ HOWARD, b. October 10, 1805; d. October 28, 1881, CLAY COUNTY, Kentucky; m. JESSIE MORGAN, October 28, 1830, GREASY CREEK, CLAY COUNTY, Kentucky, BAPTIST CHURCH; b. June 09, 1803, GREASY CREEK, CLAY, Kentucky; d. May 15, 1987, GREASY CREEK, CLAY, Kentucky.

 

 

Generation No. 26

 

 

74.  REBECCA²⁶ HOWARD (ADRON (ADRIAN)²⁵, SAMUEL²⁴, SAMUEL²³, JOHN²², JAMES²¹, JAMES OBADIAH²⁰, FRANCIS JAMES¹⁹, JOHN¹⁸, ROBERT¹⁷, THOMAS¹⁶, THOMAS¹⁵, JOHN¹⁴, ROBERT¹³, JOHN¹², ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born October 10, 1805, and died October 28, 1881 in CLAY COUNTY, Kentucky.  She married JESSIE MORGAN October 28, 1830 in GREASY CREEK, CLAY COUNTY, Kentucky, BAPTIST CHURCH, son of ZACHARIAH MORGAN and MARY HOLT.  He was born June 09, 1803 in GREASY CREEK, CLAY, Kentucky, and died May 15, 1987 in GREASY CREEK, CLAY, Kentucky.

       

Children of REBECCA HOWARD and JESSIE MORGAN are:

                   i.    HANNAH²⁷ MORGAN, m. TIMOTHY PENNINGTON.

                  ii.    POLLY MORGAN, m. ADRON METCALF.

                 iii.    WILSON MORGAN.

78.            iv.    ZACHARIAH MORGAN.

                  v.    JEFF MORGAN, m. KATIE HOSKINS.

                 vi.    RACHAEL MORGAN, m. JAMES ASHER.

79.           vii.    SAMUEL MORGAN.

               viii.    EMILY KATHERINE MORGAN, m. IRA WELLS.

                  ix.    FREDERICK MARSHALL MORGAN, m. LAVINA WELLS.

                   x.    ADRON MORGAN, m. NANTZ.

                  xi.    MILLER MORGAN, m. COOK.

                 xii.    NANCY MORGAN, m. GILBERT MAGGARD.

80.           xiii.    JOSEPH MORGAN, b. March 23, 1827, GREASY CREEK, LESLIE, Kentucky; d. July 25, 1914, CLAY, Kentucky.

 

 

 

 

Generation No. 27

 

 

80.  JOSEPH²⁷ MORGAN (REBECCA²⁶ HOWARD, ADRON (ADRIAN)²⁵, SAMUEL²⁴, SAMUEL²³, JOHN²², JAMES²¹, JAMES OBADIAH²⁰, FRANCIS JAMES¹⁹, JOHN¹⁸, ROBERT¹⁷, THOMAS¹⁶, THOMAS¹⁵, JOHN¹⁴, ROBERT¹³, JOHN¹², ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born March 23, 1827 in GREASY CREEK, LESLIE, Kentucky, and died July 25, 1914 in CLAY, Kentucky.  He married ELIZABETH NANTZ April 06, 1848 in GREASY CREEK, LESLIE, Kentucky, daughter of FREDERICK NANCE and SALLIE CHAPPEL.  She was born January 25, 1832 in LESLIE, Kentucky, and died in CLAY, Kentucky.

       

Children of JOSEPH MORGAN and ELIZABETH NANTZ are:

                   i.    WILLIAM S²⁸ MORGAN, b. August 21, 1849, LAUREL CREEK, CLAY COUNTY, Kentucky.

                  ii.    JOHN D MORGAN, b. August 06, 1850, LAUREL CREEK, CLAY COUNTY, Kentucky.

                 iii.    AGER J MORGAN, b. November 01, 1851, LAUREL CREEK, CLAY COUNTY, Kentucky.

                 iv.    ABIGAH B MORGAN, b. May 28, 1853, LAUREL CREEK, CLAY COUNTY, Kentucky.

                  v.    FREDRICK D MORGAN, b. October 28, 1854, LAUREL CREEK, CLAY COUNTY, Kentucky.

                 vi.    HENRY M MORGAN, b. April 10, 1856, LAUREL CREEK, CLAY COUNTY, Kentucky.

                vii.    REBECCA MORGAN, b. June 15, 1857, LAUREL CREEK, CLAY COUNTY, Kentucky.

               viii.    ALAXANDER MORGAN, b. January 21, 1859, LAUREL CREEK, CLAY COUNTY, Kentucky.

                  ix.    SARAH C MORGAN, b. June 15, 1860, LAUREL CREEK, CLAY COUNTY, Kentucky.

                   x.    GEORGE M MORGAN, b. April 28, 1863, LAUREL CREEK, CLAY COUNTY, Kentucky.

                  xi.    HANIBAL L MORGAN, b. February 14, 1864, LAUREL CREEK, CLAY COUNTY, Kentucky.

                 xii.    DRUCILA A MORGAN, b. July 14, 1866, LAUREL CREEK, CLAY COUNTY, Kentucky.

90.           xiii.    POLLY ANN MORGAN, b. November 10, 1867, MORGAN FARM, CLAY, Kentucky; d. February 01, 1942, BUCK CREEK, OWSLEY, Kentucky.

                xiv.    FRANKLIN G MORGAN, b. October 05, 1873, LAUREL CREEK, CLAY COUNTY, Kentucky.

                 xv.    CHARLOTTE MORGAN, b. January 27, 1876, LAUREL CREEK, CLAY COUNTY, Kentucky.

 

 

Generation No. 28

 

 

90.  POLLY ANN²⁸ MORGAN (JOSEPH²⁷, REBECCA²⁶ HOWARD, ADRON (ADRIAN)²⁵, SAMUEL²⁴, SAMUEL²³, JOHN²², JAMES²¹, JAMES OBADIAH²⁰, FRANCIS JAMES¹⁹, JOHN¹⁸, ROBERT¹⁷, THOMAS¹⁶, THOMAS¹⁵, JOHN¹⁴, ROBERT¹³, JOHN¹², ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born November 10, 1867 in MORGAN FARM, CLAY, Kentucky, and died February 01, 1942 in BUCK CREEK, OWSLEY, Kentucky.  She married JOHN TYLER MAINOUS December 01, 1899 in BUCK CREEK, OWSLEY, Kentucky, son of LAZARUS MAINOUS and REBECCA FLANNARY.  He was born December 30, 1849 in BUCK CREEK, OWSLEY, Kentucky, and died December 29, 1944 in BUCK CREEK, OWSLEY, Kentucky.

       

Children of POLLY MORGAN and JOHN MAINOUS are:

                   i.    WILLIAM LAZARUS²⁹ MAINOUS, b. September 12, 1890, BUCK CREEK, OWSLEY, Kentucky; d. April 11, 1983, APPALACHIA, VIRGINIA.

                  ii.    LUCY GABBARD MAINOUS, b. July 05, 1892, BUCK CREEK, OWSLEY, Kentucky; d. January 16, 1969.

                 iii.    LUMMIA MANN MAINOUS, b. February 04, 1894, BUCK CREEK, OWSLEY, Kentucky; d. April 16, 1983.

                 iv.    FRANK MCKINLEY MAINOUS, b. July 29, 1896, BUCK CREEK, OWSLEY, Kentucky; d. 1973.

95.             v.    ARCH GLASS MAINOUS, b. April 07, 1899, BUCK CREEK, OWSLEY, Kentucky; d. August 17, 1990, LEXINGTON, FAYETTE, Kentucky.

                 vi.    JOSEPH HAMPTON MAINOUS, b. April 06, 1901, BUCK CREEK, OWSLEY, Kentucky; d. December 1993.

                vii.    ISAAC SYLVESTER MAINOUS, b. October 26, 1903, BUCK CREEK, OWSLEY, Kentucky.

               viii.    BESSIE KATHERINE MAINOUS, b. October 30, 1908, BUCK CREEK, OWSLEY, Kentucky; d. 1962.

                  ix.    JOHN TYLER MAINOUS, b. June 12, 1912, BUCK CREEK, OWSLEY, Kentucky; d. 1972, BUCK CREEK, OWSLEY, Kentucky.

 

 

Generation No. 29

 

 

 

95.  ARCH GLASS²⁹ MAINOUS (POLLY ANN²⁸ MORGAN, JOSEPH²⁷, REBECCA²⁶ HOWARD, ADRON (ADRIAN)²⁵, SAMUEL²⁴, SAMUEL²³, JOHN²², JAMES²¹, JAMES OBADIAH²⁰, FRANCIS JAMES¹⁹, JOHN¹⁸, ROBERT¹⁷, THOMAS¹⁶, THOMAS¹⁵, JOHN¹⁴, ROBERT¹³, JOHN¹², ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born April 07, 1899 in BUCK CREEK, OWSLEY, Kentucky, and died August 17, 1990 in LEXINGTON, FAYETTE, Kentucky.  He married JUANITA NELL CORNETT January 27, 1927 in MIAMI, DADE, FLORIDA, daughter of WILLIAM CORNETT and CLARA EVERSOLE.  She was born December 25, 1904 in HAZARD, PERRY, Kentucky, and died July 13, 1990 in LEXINGTON, FAYETTE, Kentucky.

       

Children of ARCH MAINOUS and JUANITA CORNETT are:

99.              i.    JOSEPH EDWARD³⁰ MAINOUS, b. November 09, 1927, MIAMI, DADE, FLORIDA.

100.           ii.    JANE CAROL MAINOUS, b. February 22, 1932, LEXINGTON, FAYETTE, Kentucky.

101.          iii.    ARCH GLASS MAINOUS, b. October 29, 1933, LEXINGTON, FAYETTE, Kentucky.

 

 

Generation No. 30

 

99.  JOSEPH EDWARD³⁰ MAINOUS (ARCH GLASS²⁹, POLLY ANN²⁸ MORGAN, JOSEPH²⁷, REBECCA²⁶ HOWARD, ADRON (ADRIAN)²⁵, SAMUEL²⁴, SAMUEL²³, JOHN²², JAMES²¹, JAMES OBADIAH²⁰, FRANCIS JAMES¹⁹, JOHN¹⁸, ROBERT¹⁷, THOMAS¹⁶, THOMAS¹⁵, JOHN¹⁴, ROBERT¹³, JOHN¹², ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL, RICHARD⁸ CORNWALL, JOHN⁷ LACKLAND, HENRY⁶ II, MATILDA⁵, HENRY I⁴ BEAUCLERC, WILLIAM³I, THE CONQUEROR, ROBERT²I, DUKE OF NORNAMDY, RICHARD¹I, DUKE OF NORMANDY) was born November 09, 1927 in MIAMI, DADE, FLORIDA.  He married BETTY GARST August 24, 1951 in LEXINGTON, FAYETTE, Kentucky, daughter of ESTON GARST and MARY POTEET.  She was born February 22, 1928 in GALAX, VIRGINIA.

       

Children of JOSEPH MAINOUS and BETTY GARST are:

                   i.    JOSEPH EDWARD³¹ MAINOUS, b. May 22, 1956, LEXINGTON, FAYETTE, Kentucky.

103.           ii.    ANN ESTON MAINOUS, b. December 05, 1957, LEXINGTON, FAYETTE, Kentucky.

 

 

100.  JANE CAROL³⁰ MAINOUS (ARCH GLASS²⁹, POLLY ANN²⁸ MORGAN, JOSEPH²⁷, REBECCA²⁶ HOWARD, ADRON (ADRIAN)²⁵, SAMUEL²⁴, SAMUEL²³, JOHN²², JAMES²¹, JAMES OBADIAH²⁰, FRANCIS JAMES¹⁹, JOHN¹⁸, ROBERT¹⁷, THOMAS¹⁶, THOMAS¹⁵, JOHN¹⁴, ROBERT¹³, JOHN¹², ROBERT¹¹, JOHN¹⁰, JOAN⁹ DE CORNWALL,